1 ml 注射器辅助法在桡动脉穿刺置管中的应用
作者:李永华,严晓娣,吉玉龙,袁红斌,石学银。
【摘要】 目的 探讨一种新型穿刺法即1 ml 注射器辅助法在桡动脉置管的应用,观察其置管成功率与穿刺所需时间。方法 选取300例重大手术需动脉穿刺置管的患者,随机分为两组,Ⅰ组采用直接穿刺置管法,Ⅱ组采用1 ml 注射器辅助穿刺法。结果 Ⅰ组穿刺成功123例,Ⅱ组穿刺成功141例,两组相比,有显著统计学意义(P 0.01);前者用时(56±10.4)s,后者(34 ±9.3)s (P 0.01)。结论 1 ml 注射器辅助穿刺是简单、快速、安全且损伤较小的动脉穿刺方法。
Abstract: Objective To compare direct radial artery cannulation with 1ml injectorassisted artery cannulation in patients undergoing routine or emergency surgery. Methods Three hundred patients undergoing major surgery, who required a radial artery catheter, were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups: Group I including 150 patients who received radial artery cannulation with the direct technique, and GroupⅡ including 150 patients who received 1ml injectorassisted radial artery cannulation. Results Radial artery was successfully cannulated in 141 patients in Group Ⅱ but only in 123 patients in Group Ⅰ (P0.01). Mean time for radial artery cannulation was 56±10.4 seconds in Group I and 34 ±9.3 seconds in GroupⅡ (P 0.01).Conclusion The authors recommend the use of 1ml injectorassisted radial artery cannulation technique rather than the direct technique. The 1ml injectorassisted technique provides an easy, safe and quick cannulation with a low rate of dissection of the radial artery.
Key words: radial artery; cannulation; 1ml injector。
持续有创动脉压是临床麻醉中常用的重要监测项目,其数据准确、反应灵敏、迅速可靠,在各类重大手术及危重患者围术期中的应用越来越广泛。但常规的直接穿刺法成功率较低,技术熟练者成功率也仅有80%左右,且极易出现血肿造成再穿刺困难。作者从2007年1月起尝试用1 ml 注射器辅助套管针方法行动脉穿刺,成功率提高至94%,其中一次置管成功率达90%,穿刺时间明显缩短,减少了病人痛苦,也节约了成本。现报告如下。
1 资料与方法。
1.1 一般资料。
选择我院2007年1月—2008年1月门、急诊收治的手术患者300例,随机分为对照组(Ⅰ)和试验组(Ⅱ),每组150例。两组病人的年龄、性别、体重等基线资料均衡可比(P0.05),详见表1。表1 两组病人基线资料比较 (略)。
1.2 方法。
所有患者均在麻醉前根据手术需要选择左或右侧行桡动脉穿刺,手臂外展于托手架上,腕背部用一卷绷带垫高, 并用胶布将5指固定后消毒, 术者左手食指、中指 扪及腕横线桡骨茎突桡动脉搏动最清楚处为穿刺点,2%利多卡因局麻后采用20G红色套管针行穿刺。对照组:术者坐于手架前方, 右手持穿刺针,针干与皮肤呈10~20°角进针,针尾见回血后,再进针约2 mm 后送入外套管。试验组:首先取一1ml注射器,去掉针头和内芯后,将外筒与已去除后座的套管针衔接,做成一个相对延长的“新针”,然后操作者坐于手架前方,右手持针,针干与皮肤呈10~20°角进针,当注射器外筒内见血液呈波浪式向后涌动时,直接置入外套管,若外筒内血流缓慢,可继续进针,然后慢慢回拔,待血流呈搏动式后涌后再行置入套管针。巡回护士负责按秒表计时,从局麻开始到置入套管针为穿刺时间。