洞庭湖区退田还湖试点1990/2002血吸虫病情与螺情分析

作者:赛晓勇 蔡凯平 徐德忠 闫永平 张治英 李岳生 周晓农。

【关键词】 血吸虫病

Relationship between schistosomiasis prevalence and snail status during the period from 1990 to 2002 in the areas of “breaking dikes or opening sluice for waterstore” in Dongting Lake。

【Abstract】 AIM: To analyze the relationship between schistosomiasis prevalence and snail status during the period from 1990 to 2002 in the areas of “breaking dikes or opening sluice for waterstore” in Dongting Lake,to afford reference to the work of schistosomiasis prevention. METHODS: The schistosomiasis prevalence and snail density during the period from 1990 to 2002 in the areas of “breaking dikes or opening sluice for waterstore”, and in the controlled area were compared by statistical methods. The relationship between schistosomiasis prevalence, snail density and snail area was analyzed. RESULTS: Snail density in the areas of “breaking dikes or opening sluice for waterstore” increased significantly (P0.05) after 1998 and that in the controlled area also increased (P0.05).Schistosomiasis prevalence in the areas of “breaking dikes or opening sluice for waterstore” increased significantly (P0.01) after 1998 and that in the controlled area decreased (P0.05). The chart showed schistosomiasis prevalence in thoroughlyabandoned area increased significantly (P 0.05), that in partially abandoned area increased unsignificantly (P0.05) and that in the controlled area even reduced.Schistosomiasis prevalence was correlated positively with the snail area (P0.01, r=0.788) and the snail density (P0.05, r=0.764). CONCLUSION: Schistosomiasis prevalence during the period from 1990 to 2002 in the areas of “breaking dikes or opening sluice for waterstore” in Dongting Lake was correlated positively with the snail area and the snail density ;The policy of “breaking dikes or opening sluice for waterstore” made schistosomiasis prevalence more complicated.

【Keywords】 Schistosomiasis; snails; epidemiology。

【摘要】 目的: 分析1990/2002年洞庭湖区退田还湖试点血吸虫病情与螺情的变化规律及两者的关系,为当地退田还湖试点血吸虫病防治工作提供参考依据. 方法: 比较退田还湖试点退田还湖前后及其与对照点的粪检阳性率活螺密度,分析粪检阳性率活螺密度、有螺面积的关系,进行流行病学描述. 结果: 退田湖后试点活螺密度显著增加(P0.05)而对照点有增加但不显著(P0.05),退田湖后试点粪检阳性率显著增加(P0.01),而对照点减少且有显著性差异(P0.05). 变化趋势图显示双退点有明显升高趋势,单退点升高趋势不明显,对照点有下降趋势,血吸虫粪检阳性率与有螺面积呈正相关(r=0.788, P=0.004),血吸虫粪检阳性率活螺密度变化呈正相关(r=0.764, P=0.045). 结论: 洞庭湖区退田还湖试点血吸虫病的流行与有螺面积、钉螺密度关系密切,退田还湖使得血吸虫病地流行复杂化.

【关键词】 血吸虫病; 螺 ;流行病学。

0引言。

随着我国退田还湖工程的进行,血吸虫病的病性、螺情有了新的变化[1],从而给血防工作带来了新的课题. 我们收集了国家“十五”课题湖南洞庭湖区退田还湖4个试点及2个对照点1990/2002年的病情螺情资料进行分析,以期阐明其变化规律,也为当地退田还湖试点的血防工作提供参考依据.

1材料和方法。

1.1材料收集洞庭湖区4个退田还湖试点单退点、双退点各2个)及2个对照点(单退、双退各1个对照)1990/2002年连续病情螺情资料(个别年份资料缺失者剔除). 单退点(退人不退田,洪水期人转移、洪水过后返回种田)选择澧县濠口村、湘阴县中山村,对照点(即未退田还湖)为澧县昔阳村;双退点(既退人又退田,为泄洪而完全废弃)为华容县集成垸、汉寿县青山湖,对照为君山区的长江村. 对照点选择依据:① 与试点地理环境条件相近; ② 人口分布与组成相似. 病情资料主要选择粪便检查诊断得出的检出率. 收集病情资料内容包括:检查人口数、粪检阳性数、阳性率、血检阳性数、感染度等. 螺情调查以环境抽样为主,并结合系统抽样. 调查地点包括草滩、芦滩、洼地沟渠、涵闸内外口等. 采用压碎法鉴定钉螺的死活及有无感染性钉螺. 收集螺情资料包括调查面积、活螺框数、捕获活螺数、活螺密度、感染螺密度. 全部资料由湖南省血防所及各基层血防站提供.

1. 2方法所有资料均由SPSS11.0, Excel 2000分析完成. 流行病学方法为描述性研究.  统计学处理:相关性检验、方差分析、秩和检验,数据以x±s表示.

2结果。

2.1螺情变化分析1998年退田还湖前后活螺密度的变化,结果显示:退田湖后试点活螺密度显著增加(P0.05)而对照点有增加但不显著(P0.05, Tab 1). 退田还湖前后试点对照点比较无显著性差异(P0.05).

表1试点对照退田还湖前后活螺密度(只/0.11 m2)比较 (略)。

2.2病情变化选择较完全的粪检阳性率为指标比较病情变化(Tab 2),退田湖后试点粪检阳性率高于退田还湖前(P0.05),对照退田湖后粪检阳性率低于退田还湖前(P0.01),退田还湖前试点对照点比较粪检阳性率低且有显著性差异(P0.05),退田湖后试点显著高于对照点(P0.05).

表2试点对照退田还湖前后粪检阳性率比较 (略)。

选双退点(华容县集成垸)、单退点(澧县濠口村)及对照点(澧县昔阳村)各一作粪检阳性率变化趋势图. 退田还湖以前3个点均有下降,以对照点最明显,退田湖后3个点均有上升,以双退点最明显(Fig 1). 若添加3个点1990/2002年线性趋势线可明显地看到,从整体上双退点有明显升高趋势,单退点升高趋势不明显,对照点有下降趋势.

图11990/2002年粪检阳性率(%)变化趋势图 (略)  2.3病情螺情关系。

2.3.1病情与螺面积以华容县集成垸为例,将1990/2001年粪阳率和有螺面积(垸内)进行相关分析,结果显示:血吸虫粪检阳性率与有螺面积变化呈正相关(r=0.788, P=0.004). 退田还湖以前,粪检阳性率逐年降低,有螺面积有逐年降低的趋势,退田还湖以后粪检阳性率逐年升高,调查的有螺面积变化不大(Tab 3).

2.3.2病情活螺密度将各试点1990/2001年粪阳率与相应时段的活螺密度进行相关分析,结果显示:血吸虫粪检阳性率活螺密度变化呈正相关(r=0.764, P=0.045).

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