无盲区局部应用抗生素对246例急性弥漫性腹膜炎患者切口感染预防

作者:代劲松 颜登高 刘绍训 胡正茂。

【摘要】 目的 探讨无盲区局部应用抗生素对急性弥漫性腹膜炎患者术后切口感染的预防效果。 方法 回顾分析本院1999~2004年对246例急性弥漫性腹膜炎患者的治疗。其中,继发于穿孔性阑尾炎患者216例,继发于小肠穿孔患者30例,分别根据术中局部是否应用抗生素分为处理组及对照组处理原发病灶后,处理组术中以庆大霉素加甲硝唑注射液灌注腹腔、浸泡缝线及切口,使已被或易被污染的部位不留盲区;对照组术中局部不用抗生素,比较两组术后切口感染的发生率。 结果 继发于穿孔性阑尾炎的患者对照组处理组的切口感染率分别为18.4%(21/114)与2.0%(2/102),前者显著高于后者(P0.01)。继发于小肠穿孔患者对照组切口感染率为28.6%(4/14),处理组无切口感染(0/16),差异有显著性(P0.05)。 结论 无盲区局部应用抗生素能有效预防急性弥漫性腹膜炎患者术后切口感染

【关键词】 抗生素;腹膜炎;切口感染   Topical application of antibiotics without blind spot:a study on preventing surgi—cal wound infection of246patients with acute diffuse peritonitis   DAI Jin—song,YAN Deng—gao,LIU Shao—xun,et al.

Department of General Surgery,The People‘s Hospital of Jianli County,Jianli433300,China。

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the effect of topical application of antibiotics without blind spot for preventing surgical wound infection of patients with acute diffuse peritonitis.Methods The clinical data of246acute diffuse peritonitis patients were analyzed.Among them,there were216perforated appendicitis patients and30patients with small intestinal perforation,which were divided into the treatment group and the control group respectively according to whether intraoperative topical application of antibiotics was performed.In the treatment group,irrigating the abdominal cavities and soaking the surgical wounds and the sutures with antibiotics were performed,and no blind spot was left in the area that had been contaminated or was liable to contamination,while which were not performed in the control group.Results In246patients with acute diffuse peritonitis,the surgical wound infection rates of perforated appen—dicitis patients were18.4%(21/214)in the control group and2.0%(2/102)in the treatment group respectively(P0.01),and the surgical wound infection rates of patients with small intestinal perforation were28.6%(4/14)in the control group and0%(1/16)in the treatment group respectively(P0.05).Conclusion Topical application of antibiotics without blind spot was an effective treatment for preventing surgical wound infection of patients with acute diffuse peritonitis.   【Key words】 antibiotics;peritonitis;surgical wound infection   切口感染弥漫性腹膜炎患者术后常见并发症 [1] ,预防切口感染是一个重要的临床课题,也是一个基本的临床问题。抗生素局部应用预防切口感染由来已久,但应用方法不一,对其效果也颇有争议 [2,3] ,因而进一步研究仍有必要。本研究采用无盲区抗生素局部应用法,通过回顾分析本院1999~2004年对246例急性弥漫性腹膜炎患者的治疗,探讨了其对急性弥漫性腹膜炎患者术后切口感染的预防作用。   1 资料与方法   1.1 一般资料 本组共246例,男129例,女117例;年龄6~59岁;穿孔性阑尾炎患者216例,因肠梗阻及腹外疝并损伤所致小肠穿孔患者30例。所有患者发病1~3天入院,术中均证实并发有急性弥漫性腹膜炎,重要脏器功能不全(包括糖尿病、免疫缺陷病)患者及孕产妇未选入本组。   1.2 方法 患者随机分为处理组(术中局部应用抗生素)及对照组(术中局部不用抗生素)。穿孔性阑尾炎患者处理组102例,对照组114例,小肠穿孔患者处理组16例,对照组14例。两组患者均在连续硬膜外麻或全麻下手术,麻醉效果满意,均行原发灶处理(阑尾切除或肠穿孔修补)及腹腔清洗引流。行原发灶处理腹腔清洗后,处理组术中局部应用抗生素:将庆大霉素注射液8万u加入0.5%甲硝唑注射液100ml中,将缝合伤口用的丝线在其中浸湿后取出,吸去清洗腹腔的生理盐水后向腹腔灌注该混合液80ml,夹闭腹腔引流管1~2h后放开,缝合伤口第1层后将剩下的20ml混合液倒入切口浸泡数分钟,缝合切口其余各层。对照组术中局部不使用抗生素。   1.3 统计学方法 对数据采用χ 2 检验或Fisher精确概率法进行分析。

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