经后路采用RF椎弓根系统治疗腰椎滑脱症

作者:宋磊,林欣,王冰,邢汝鹏。

【关键词】 RF内固定器;腰椎滑脱症;脊柱融合术。

摘 要:[目的]探讨经后路采用RF椎弓根系统治疗腰椎滑脱症的效果。[方法]自1999年2月~2003年12月,39例腰椎滑脱症的患者经后路采用RFⅡ椎弓根螺钉系统进行减压融合手术治疗,其中Ⅰ度滑脱12例,Ⅱ度滑脱18例,Ⅲ度滑脱9例;退变性腰椎滑脱22例,峡部裂性腰椎滑脱17例。[结果]所有患者术后随访均超过12个月,平均(276±72)个月。比较手术前后临床症状及X线片。根据Asher的疗效观察项目:优22例,良13例,可3例,差1例,优良率达897%。并发症共6例,其中术中并发症3例,发生率为77%;术后并发症3例,发生率为77%。[结论]经后路采用RF椎弓根螺钉系统能使腰椎滑脱得到较为确实的复位和固定,脊柱融合率高,临床效果满意。

关键词:RF内固定器; 腰椎滑脱症; 脊柱融合术。

Abstract:[Objective]To evaluate the clinical effect of lumbar spondylolisthesis treated by posterior vertebral body fusion and RFⅡ pedicle screw spinal system[Method]From February 1999 to December 2003,39 cases of lumbar spondylolisthesis were included in this studyAccording to Meyerding classification,roentgengram showed that there were 12 cases of grade Ⅰ,18 cases of grade Ⅱ,9 cases of gradeⅢ,22 cases of degenerative spondylolisthesis and 17 cases of spondylolysisAll patients were treated with posterior decompression of total laminectomy and bilateral nerve canal,intertransverse process arthrodesis were managed by means of bone chip grafting,interbody fusion was done with RFⅡ pedicle screw spinal systemThe clinical results and complications were evaluated and a radiographic assessment was performed[Result]All the patients were followed up over 12 months postoperative(averaged 276±72 months)According to the criteria of Asher,the therapeutic effect was excellent in 22 cases,good in 13 cases,fair in 3 cases,and poor in 1 caseThe satisfactory rate was 897%Complications occurred in six cases,in which three cases occurred during operation with the incidence rate of 77%,while three occurred after operation with the incidence rate of 77%[Conclusion]Posterior interbody fusion and RF pedicle screw spinal system provide fixation with satisfactory clinical results and relatively high fusion rate。

Key words:RF pedicle screw spinal system; Lumbar spondyiolisthesis; Spondylosyndesis。

腰椎滑脱由退行性变、峡部裂、创伤、发育不良及病理性等原因造成,获得持久的稳定是治疗腰椎滑脱的目标。自1999年2月~2003年12月,本院骨科对39例腰椎滑脱症的患者经保守治疗无效后经后路采用RFⅡ椎弓根螺钉系统行手术治疗,取得了满意的临床效果。

1 资料与方法。

11 一般资料。

本组共39例,男18例,女21例;平均年龄(498±97)岁(31~63岁);退变性腰椎滑脱22例,峡部裂性腰椎滑脱17例。

12 临床表现。

症状:下腰痛35例,占898%;单侧或双侧下肢麻木或疼痛19例,占487%;间歇性跛行20例,占513%;大小便功能障碍3例,占77%。体征:棘突及棘突间隙压痛33例,占846%;椎旁压痛伴放散至臀部的疼痛11例,占282%;滑脱椎体台阶征4例,占103%;单侧或双侧下肢感觉障碍19例,占487%;膝腱反射减退9例,占231%;踝反射减退2例,占51%。

13 影像学结果。

根据Meyerding分类方法,Ⅰ度滑脱12例,Ⅱ度滑脱18例,Ⅲ度滑脱9例;合并侧隐窝狭窄者6例,占154%。所有病例均行腰椎动态摄片,16例(占410%)示滑脱节段椎体存在不稳定征象,且椎体前后滑移距离>4 mm,滑移椎体相邻椎间隙终板角度>10°,而小于此标准且椎体前后滑移距离>1mm者8例(占205%)。

14 手术方法。

(1)切除全椎板:患者采用俯卧位,13例行全麻,26例行持续硬膜外麻醉。所有病例均取后正中切口,显露病椎上下各15个椎体,两侧剥离至关节突关节和横突,切断病椎体的峡部软组织,取出全椎板。(2)彻底减压:除切除全椎板外,减压范围还包括黄韧带、侧隐窝和神经根管,其中6例合并侧隐窝狭窄者切除上下关节突以防止影响侧隐窝减压效果。(3)复位和内固定:暴露入针点,骨锥进入1 cm后改用打孔器继续钻入骨质内,插入克氏针标志位置,C型臂X线机定位证实,在融合界面椎体椎弓根内植入4枚椎弓根钉,安装RFⅡ钉棒系统,适当纵向撑开以恢复椎间高度,进行滑脱复位固定。再次C型臂X线机拍片,了解复位程度。(4)融合:先植入自体碎骨屑少许,然后斜行植入充填自体骨的钛合金椎间融合器Vigor Spacer或者采用自体髂骨植骨。融合区横突基底及小关节突外侧去除骨皮质,将去除的棘突和椎板剪成骨条置于该处。

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