胰岛素和血糖的变化与胎儿宫内生长迟缓的临床研究

【关键词】 胰岛素

摘要:目的:检测胰岛素血糖正常妊娠和胎儿宫内生长迟缓(IUGR)的母血和脐动静脉血中的变化。方法:正常妊娠要求终止妊娠采用引产和自然分娩者107例,足月妊娠合并IUGR者32例。采用放射免疫法测定胰岛素值,血糖测定采用葡萄糖氧化酶法。结果:母血胰岛素值在28周无明显变化,28周时达高峰,之后随孕周的增加而减少,至妊娠末期又达一较高水平;脐动脉血胰岛素水平逐渐增高,至36周达峰值,以后降而复升;脐静脉血胰岛素水平无规律性变化血糖值无明显变化。IUGR母血胰岛素血糖正常晚期妊娠组比较无明显变化,而脐动静脉血胰岛素血糖值有明显差异(P0.01)。结论:IUGR时脐动静脉血胰岛素血糖值降低,说明胰岛素血糖在调节胎儿生长、发育方面起重要作用。

关键词:胰岛素血糖;脐动脉血;脐静脉血宫内生长迟缓

Clinical Research of the Change of Insulin and Glucose Levels Between Normal Pregnancy and Intrauterine Growth Retardation。

Abstract:Objective: To determine the levels of insulin and glucose in maternal serum(MS), umbilical artery serum(UAS) and umbilical venous serum(UVS) in women with normal—term pregnancy and intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR). Method: 107 cases with normal gestational weeks (induction of labors or spontaneous deliveries) and 32 cases complicated with IUGR were studied. Levels of insulin were measured with sensitive radio immunoassay and that of glucose were measured by the glucose oxidase—peroxidase method. Result: Level of insulin of maternal serum was not significantly different before 28 gestational weeks, and peaked on 28th gestational week, then it decreased with gestational weeks and peaked again at last term. Insulin level in UAS increased gradually to its peak value at 36th gestational week and then decreased and increased again, while that in UVS demonstrated no regular changes. Levels of glucose in MS, UAS, UVS were not significantly different. Level of insulin and glucose of MS in IUGR had no significant change, but they were significantly different in IUGR of UAS and UVS(P0.01). Conclusion: A decrease of insulin and glucose in UAS and UVS of IUGR was found, which suggested that insulin and glucose played an important role in the growth and development of fetus.

Key words:Insulin;Glucose;Umbilical artery serum(USA);Umbilical venous serum(UVS);Intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR)。

胎儿宫内生长迟缓(intrauterine growth retardation,IUGR)是产科重要并发症之一,我国发病率为6.39%。IUGR患儿不仅出生时的体重及身高均低于正常婴儿,而且在以后的成长中也出现对某些疾病较高的易感性。内分泌异常在IUGR发病中的作用已被逐渐确认[1]。糖是胎儿代谢的主要物质来源,胰岛素在胎儿生长、发育中起主导作用。健康新生儿脐静脉、脐动脉的血糖值是由母体水平决定的[2],在小于胎龄儿中存在着低血糖[3]。我们对自然分娩和引产的孕妇母血、脐动静脉血中的血糖胰岛素进行了检测,并对其临床意义进行分析研究。

1资料与方法。

1.1资料:收集2002年1月至2003年12月正常妊娠要求终止妊娠采用引产和自然分娩孕妇107例,足月妊娠合并IUGR者32例(IUGR为平均出生体重低于同孕周的第10百分位),与正常晚期妊娠38~41+6周的32例比较。所有孕妇均无糖尿病等内科疾病和内分泌疾病。

1.2方法:母血采集于晨6~7时起床前;分娩后立即钳夹脐带两侧,用18号针头分别收集脐静脉血、脐动脉血各3ml;孕16~23+6周正常妊娠引产时收集脐带混合血,同时,于肘静脉采集母血3ml。血标本离心(2000r/min,10min),分离血清,贮存于—30℃待测。胰岛素检测采用放射免疫分析方法,应用FJ—2003/50型免疫计数器,血糖检测采用葡萄糖氧化酶法,应用7170型全自动生化分析仪。

1.3统计学方法:数据经SAS8.22统计学软件进行统计学处理。数据为两样本均数±标准差(±s ) 进行t检验,P0.05为有显著性差异。

2结果。

2.1正常妊娠不同孕周母血、脐动静脉血胰岛素血糖水平(表1)。在24周前母血胰岛素水平无明显变化,在28周时胰岛素值达高峰,之后随孕周进展其胰岛素水平逐渐降低,至40周再达高峰。脐动脉血胰岛素水平随孕周增加逐渐增高,至36孕周达峰值,以后降而复升;脐静脉血胰岛素水平无规律性变化母血和脐动脉、脐静脉血血糖值随孕周增加无明显变化

2.2IUGR母血和脐动静脉血胰岛素血糖变化(表2)。母血胰岛素血糖值变化,但在脐动静脉血胰岛素血糖变化具有显著性差异(P0.01)。

表1正常妊娠不同孕周母血、脐动脉、脐静脉血胰岛素血糖值变化(略)。

表2正常晚期妊娠组与IUGR组母血、脐动脉、脐静脉血胰岛素水平血糖值比较(略)注:与正常妊娠组比较P0.01。

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