小儿腹腔镜疝内环扎术的麻醉管理

作者:秦学斌,赵振海,蒋奕红,林高翔。

【摘要】 目的 探讨小儿腹腔镜内环扎术麻醉管理。方法 60例行腹腔镜内环扎术患儿,随机分为全麻插管组(A组30例)和非插管组(B组30例),观察气腹效果、手术时间、呼吸,连续监测HR、SBP、DBP、SaO2,分时段抽动脉血行血气分析。结果 A组、B组气腹效果优良率分别为100%和80%;两组患者手术时间(min)A组短于B组(P0.05);两组患者呼吸比较,B组出现5例窒息,A组无;两组间血气分析,B组气腹10min,PaCO2、PaO2均明显高于麻醉前(P0.05),A组气腹10min,PaO2明显高于B组,组间比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论 插管和未插管静脉复合麻醉用于小儿腹腔镜内环扎术是可行的。但未插管静脉复合麻醉适用于手术时间短的腹腔镜手术,在手术时间>1h的手术,以气管插管控制呼吸为宜。 【关键词】 小儿;腹腔镜术;腹股沟疝;麻醉 【Abstract】 Objective To study anesthesia management of laparoscopic circumferential internal ring wiring for pediatric indirect inguinal hernia.Methods 60 patients with laparoscopic circumferential internal ring wiring for pediatric indirect inguinal hernia were randomly divided into intravenous anesthesia with endotracheal intubation(A group, 30 cases ) and exemption of endotracheal intubation(B group, 30 cases ). Effects of intraperitoneal air , operative time, HR, SBP, DBP, SaO2 were recorded continuously, blood gases analysis was performed at planned period. Results The fair ratio of intraperitoneal air of A and B groups were 100% and 80%, A group was shorter than B group in operative time(P0.05), B group have five asphyxia and A group have not. To compare with B group blood gases analysis, PaCO2, PaO2 were more increased than pre—anesthesia(P0.05) in group B intraperitoneal air 10 minutes, A group was more increased than B group intraperitoneal air 10 minutes. There were different remarkably between group A and B.Conclusion Endotracheal intubation and exemption of endotracheal intubation intravenous anesthesia were suit of laparoscopic circumferential internal ring wiring for pediatric indirect inguinal hernia. But exemption of endotracheal intubation intravenous anesthesia was suit of short operation, control ventilation through endotracheal intubation was better than exemption of endotracheal intubation if the operation was above 1 hour. 【Key words】 pediatric;laparoscopic;inguinal hernia;anesthesia 小儿腹腔镜手术具有时间短、创伤小、恢复快等优点,临床已广泛应用[1],由于小儿腹腔容积小,腹膜吸收CO2快,对缺氧的耐受性差,其麻醉方式的选择亦逐渐引起人们的重视。本文意在探讨小儿腹腔镜内环扎术麻醉管理,现报告如下。 1 资料与方法 1.1 一般资料 单侧腹股沟斜疝患儿60例,均为男性,年龄2.5~12岁,体重12~35kg,ASAⅠ级。随机分成:全麻插管组(A组,30例)、非插管组(B组,30例),择期行腹腔镜内环扎术。术前肌注阿托品0.02mg/kg。两组患者年龄、体重、BP、HR、ECG差异无显著性。 1.2 麻醉方法 A组采用气管插管。诱导用药:氯胺酮1~2mg/kg、咪唑安定1~2mg/kg、异丙酚1~2mg/kg、芬太尼2~3μg/kg、维库溴铵0.1mg/kg,经口腔明视插管,接麻醉机控制呼吸,VT 8~12ml/kg,RR 15~20次/min。B组未采用气管插管。诱导用药:氯胺酮1~2mg/kg、咪唑安定1~2mg/kg、异丙酚1~2mg/kg、芬太尼2~3μg/kg,麻醉过程中维持自主呼吸。肩部稍垫高,面罩开放给氧,氧流量为3~6L/min。均在手术缝合好疝囊环扎线后停用麻醉药。 1.3 观察指标 观察气腹效果、手术时间、呼吸,术中监测BP、HR、ECG、SaO2,两组均于麻醉前、气腹后10min、术毕放气后5min分别抽取动脉血,测血气分析。 1.4 统计学方法 统计软件采用SPSS10.0,计量资料采用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,组间比较采用独立样本t检验,P0.05认为差异有显著性。 2 结果 2.1 两组患者气腹效果 A组、B组气腹效果分别为100.0%和80.0%,见表1。

表1 两组患者术中气腹效果比较 (x±s,例)。

注:与A组比较,*P0.05 2.2 两组患者手术时间 A组手术时间短于B组(P0.05),见表2。

表2 两组患者手术时间比较 (n=30,x±s)。

注:与A组比较,*P0.05 2.3 两组患者呼吸情况比较 B组出现5例窒息,经面罩加压给氧后好转,A组无窒息病例出现,见表3。

表3 两组患者呼吸比较 (例)。

注:与A组比较,*P0.05 2.4 两组间血气分析 B组气腹10min,PaCO2、PaO2均明显高于麻醉前(P0.05),A组气腹10min,PaO2明显高于B组,组间比较差异有显著性(P<0.05),见表4。

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