自体骨软骨移植治疗踝部骨折

作者:刘万军,王海,刘永厚,刘云鹏,李旭,蒋玉贵,孙冰,褚楷,王维光。

【摘要】 [目的]探讨自体软骨移植术治疗踝部骨折伴随的距骨骨软骨骨折的临床效果。[方法]18例单侧踝部骨折伴随的Ⅲ、Ⅳ型距骨骨软骨骨折,男10例,女8例,年龄18~49岁,平均33.5岁。骨折区清创后钻孔,自同侧膝关节非负重区钻取骨软骨柱,采取打压 固定技术将骨软骨柱植入受区的孔中。观察研究患者踝关节的功能、X线以及MRI表现。[结果]随访平均28(17~40)个月。7例行多柱移植,11例行单柱移植。根据Baird和Jackson 踝关节评分系统进行功能评分平均96.3±3.5分,优14例, 良3例,可1例,优良率为94.4%;1例患者X线片示踝关节发生创伤性关节炎,发生率为5.6%(1/18),MRI显示发生距骨剥脱性骨软骨炎,占5.6%(1/18)。膝关节无长期供区并发症。[结论]骨软骨移植治疗踝部骨折伴随的Ⅲ、Ⅳ型距骨骨软骨骨折是一种有效的手术方法。

【关键词】 踝关节损伤; 自体; 骨软骨移植; 急性; 距骨骨折

Abstract:[Objective]To study the clinical results of treatment of local osteochondral fracture lesions on the talus dome associated with ankle fracture using autologous osteochondral transplantation.[Method]There were 18 patients with osteochondral fracture defects of the talus dome associated with ankle fracture, male 10, female 8, with the average age 33.5 years (18~49 years). Transplantation procedure was osteochondral cylinders from non—weight bearing surface of the ipsilateral knee and implant the donor graft into the recipient holes of talus cartilaginous defects with press— fit technique. The outcomes were assessed on the basis of ankle functional rating score, radiographic findings and MRI findings.[Result]The patients were followed up for 17 to 40 months (mean, 28 months). The ankle functional rating score was measured by the Baird and Jackson functional rating score system. The averaged scores was 96.3±3.5,excellent in 14 cases, good in 3 cases and fair in 1 case. The rate of being excellent and good was 94.4%.The rate of posttraumatic arthritis was 5.6% (1/18) and osteochondritis dissecans was 5.6% (1/18).[Conclusion]Autogenous osteochondral transplantation using ipsilateral knee osteochondral grafts is an effective surgical procedure on treating acute local osteochondral fracture lesions of the talus associated with ankle fracture.

Key words:ankle joint injury; autologous; osteochondral transplantation; acute; talus; fracture。

Takao等报告腓骨远端Weber B型骨折合并距骨穹窿部骨软骨骨折比例达73.2%,而Ⅲ、Ⅳ型距骨骨软骨骨折75%引起继发性踝关节炎[1],作者采用自体软骨移植治疗踝部骨折伴随的距骨骨软骨骨折,临床效果良好,报告如下:

1 临床资料与方法。

1.1 一般资料。

自2003年5月起,本院采用自体软骨移植治疗单侧踝部骨折伴随的Ⅲ、Ⅳ型距骨骨软骨折患者18例(图1)男10例,女8例,年龄为18~49岁,平均33.5岁。排除有创伤性关节炎、骨折以及风湿性\类风湿性关节炎病史患者。患者均在伤后6 h内手术,踝部骨折均解剖复位,修复损伤韧带。

1.2 手术方法。

踝部骨折术中,直视距骨骨折区(图2),清除骨软骨碎片后,利用骨软骨自体移植系统的专用器械(osteochondral autograft transfer system,OATS)(图3),根据骨折区的大小选用相应直径(9 、8、7、6、4 mm)空心钻, 在导向器的引导下垂直钻孔,深度为5.0 mm 在同侧髌股关节水平外侧,纵行切口约1 cm(图4),显露股骨外侧髁边缘,于其上方非负重面,用骨软骨取出器垂直软骨面,钻取与受区孔数量、大小以及长度相等的骨软骨柱(图5)。用推进器将骨软骨柱直接植入受区的孔中,并使移植物的表面与受区关节面融合为同一弧面(图6、7)。最后进行踝部骨折内固定术和/或韧带修补术,并严密缝合关节囊。供区骨孔用骨蜡封闭止血,膝关节加压包扎。

1.3 术后处理。

术后踝关节石膏固定3周,指导患者行膝关节和足趾关节主动功能训练;术后3~6周非负重行走,3个月后逐渐过渡到正常行走。常规拍摄踝关节的正、侧、斜位及踝穴位X线片。术后6个月取出内固定物。末次随访行踝关节MRI检查。

1.4 术后临床效果评估。

根据Baird和Jackson踝关节评分系统[2]引进行功能评分,最高评分100分,优:96~100分,良:91~95分,可:81~90分,差:0~80分。X线检查观察骨折愈合情况以及有无创伤性踝关节炎表现,MRI检查观察骨软骨柱与周围组织结合情况,以及有无距骨剥脱性骨软骨炎表现。

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