裤式自体双血管移植的试验研究和临床应用

【摘要】 目的 寻找适宜和较大口径的自体移植血管。 方法 在动物试验中,将犬的小隐或颈外静脉制作成单根和两端均为裤式单开口的双血管桥,分别移植于髂—股动、静脉间和作为动、静脉转流的桥式血管,进行血流量的检测。临床上取双侧颈外静脉并制作成两端均为裤式单开口的双血管桥进行髂—股和锁骨下静脉等修复;制作相应血管桥进行动、静脉转流。 结果 由移植血管—其口径与所修复血管口径之比在(0.7~0.75)∶1之间,所制作成的两端均为裤式开口的双血管桥,其血流量与所修复血管的原血流量差异不大。 结论 移植血管与所需修复的血管在具备一定管径比例(0.7~0.75∶1以上)基础上制作的两端均为裤式开口自体血管桥的应用,解决了自体移植血管管径细及人造血管移植易发生血栓形成等问题。   关键词 血管 损伤 移植 重建   Test study and clinical application on trousers—style auto—double vascular transplantation .   【Abstract】 Objective To seek the suitable and bigger caliber auto—transplantation blood vessels.Methods In animals test,we made canine small saphenous or external jugular vein into double vascular bridge,which single and both ends were all trousers—style with one opening and transplanted between iliofemoral artery and vein separately and took as bridge—style blood vessels of artery and vein shunt,and detected the blood flow.In clinical,we fetched bilateral external jugular vein to make double vascular bridge,which both ends were all trousers—style with one open—ing and repaired iliofemoral and subclavian vein,and made corresponding vascular bridge to carry on shunt of artery and vein.Results The proportion of the caliber and repaired blood vessels one was between(0.7~0.75)∶1by means of transplantation blood vessels,and the double vascular bridge with both ends being all trousers—style open—ing,which the difference of blood flow and the former blood flow of repaired blood vessels was not big.Conclusion The application of self double vascular bridge with both ends being all trousers—style opening,which ware made by transplantation blood vessels and repaired blood vessels in need on the basis of having certain caliber proportion more than(0.7~0.75)∶1,solved some problems such as auto—transplantation vascular caliber is thin and artificial vascu—lar transplantation is easy to occur thrombosis and so on.   Key words blood vessels injury transplantation re—establishment   为解决较长距离(3cm)大、中血管(尤其是静脉)损伤修复中无适宜口径自体移植血管和动、静脉转流术中无适宜口径的自体血管转流桥问题,***年10月~2003年10月,笔者利用自体静脉制作成两端均为裤裆式单开口的双血管桥,进行了动物实验和临床应用,取得了良好效果,现报告如下。   1 材料与方法   1.1 实验动物 取体重10~15kg的实验犬24只,分成3组,每组8只。

1.2实验方法   1.2.1 Ⅰ组 解剖出双后肢近侧髂—股静脉段,并切除1.5~2cm段,取管径与切除段髂—股静脉相比(在充盈状态下)约(0.7~0.75)∶1的颈外静脉段,如无适宜管径的颈外静脉,则取所要求管径的小隐静脉,并分成3段,一段移植于髂—股静脉间(单管组);另二段同向并列,4个断端分别在管壁靠拢处纵行剪开4~5mm,制成两端均为裤裆式单开口的“双血管桥”(见图1、图2、图3),移植于髂—股静脉间(双血管组)。手术前后用电磁血流测量计分别检测单、双管移植桥远端髂—股静脉压和近端髂—股静脉血流量

1.2.2 Ⅱ组 解剖出双侧髂—股动脉段,并切除1.5~2cm段,移植血管桥的制作同Ⅰ组,倒置后分别移植于髂—股动脉间。手术前后分别检测单、双血管移植桥近端髂—股动脉压和远端髂—股动脉血流量。   1.2.3 Ⅲ组 解剖出双后肢近侧股动、静脉。将股动脉结扎,取小隐静脉段,平均分成3段,充盈状态下其管径与股静脉管径之比约(0.7~0.75)∶1,如无适宜管径的小隐静脉,则取适宜口径的颈外静脉段。一段倒置后在一侧股动脉结扎近端与股静脉斜形搭桥;另二段制成“裤式血管桥”(方法同Ⅰ组),两端开口处剪成30°斜面,倒置后在另一侧股动、静脉搭桥静脉转流口近侧段1cm处均将其管腔缩窄1/2。手术前后分别检测转流口近端动脉和转流口远端静脉的压力和血流量。   2 结果   2.1 Ⅰ组 髂—股静脉重建前后静脉压和血流量变化情况见表1。表明:单管搭桥组,手术前后静脉压和血流量均有显著变化(P0.01),术后血流量较术前显著减少。双管搭桥组,手术前后的远端静脉压和近端血流量均无显著变化(P0.05)。同时重建术后双管组的血流量较单管组显著增加(P0.01)。   表1 髂—股静脉不同自体血管桥重建前后静脉压和血流量情况(略)   2.2 Ⅱ组 髂—股动脉重建前后动脉压和血流量变化情况见表2。表明:单管搭桥组,手术前后血流量显著变化(P0.01),术后较术前显著减少。双管搭桥组,手术前后的远端血流量显著变化(P0.05)。同样,术后双管组的血流量较单管组显著增加(P0.01)。

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