大剂量甲泼尼龙冲击治疗Vogt―小柳―原田病的效果观察

[摘要] 目的 ?^察大剂量甲泼尼龙冲击治疗Vogt—小柳原田病的临床效果。

方法 回顾分析2013年1月~2016年1月上海市徐汇区中心医院确诊为Vogt—小柳原田病的住院患者69例(135眼)。

所有患者予以大剂量甲泼尼龙冲击治疗,即甲泼尼龙1 g/d静脉滴注,连续3 d,再根据患者临床表现改善情况正规逐渐减量至停药。

观察比较患者治疗前及治疗3、7 d后的最佳校正视力(BCVA)、眼底、光学相干断层扫描(OCT)以及眼底荧光血管造影(FFA)的变化情况,并随访1年。

结果 经治疗,100眼(74.1%)1周内视力明显提高(≥0.6)、视网膜水肿消退,OCT示浆液性视网膜脱离消失,FFA荧光素渗漏减轻。

视力提高缓慢的32眼(23.7%)发病时间均≥2周,用药2周视力方缓慢提高。

3眼(2.2%)治疗无效后改免疫抑制剂治疗

BCVA转换为logMAR视力分析显示:与治疗前相比,治疗3 d及7 d后患眼视力明显改善,差异有高度统计学意义(P 毕业论文网   [关键词] Vogt—小柳原田病;甲泼尼龙;糖皮质激素   [中图分类号] R773 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673—7210(2017)06(c)—0134—04   [Abstract] Objective To observe the effect of high—dose Methylprednisolone treatment on Vogt—Koyanagi—Harada disease. Methods Sixty—nine hospitalized patients (135 eyes) diagnosed with Vogt—Koyanagi—Harada disease from January 2013 to January 2016 in Xuhui District Central Hospital of Shanghai were analyzed retrospectively. All patients received high—dose Methylprednisolone treatment, with Methylprednisolone 1.0 g/d in early mornings for three consecutive days, and then the dosage was tapered based on the condition improvement. Before and after being treated for three and seven days, all patients underwent vision acuity examination, fundus examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA). The changes were analyzed, and the patients were followed up for one year. Results After treatment for one week, there were 100 eyes (74.1%) whose vision acuity were improved significantly [best corrected vision acuity (BCVA)≥0.6], retina edema subsided, retinal detachment disappeared in OCT and fluorescence leakage reduced in FFA. All of the 32 eyes (23.7%) with vision acuity slowly improved were treated after an onset of no less than two weeks. The BCVA was improved slowly after treatment for two weeks. There were 3 eyes (2.2%) that showed no response to the high—dose methylprednisolone treatment and then received immunosuppressant therapy. Analysis of logMAR vision converted from BCVA, vision acuity of all patients was improved obviously after treatment for three days and seven days compared to before treatment, with statistically significant differences (P   [Key words] Vogt—Koyanagi—Harada disease;Methylprednisolone;Corticosteroid   Vogt—小柳原田病(Vogt—Koyanagi—Harada disease,VKH)为双眼弥漫性渗出性葡萄膜炎,伴有毛发、皮肤改变、听觉受损和脑膜刺激症状,又称为葡萄膜—脑膜炎,是一种累及全身多个系统的自身免疫性疾病。

VKH好发于青?涯昊颊撸?发病急、易反复发作,致盲率高[1—2],其首选药物是糖皮质类固醇激素,但目前对于激素治疗的类型选择、剂量以及应用时间等尚无统一的标准[3]。

为此,回顾分析2013年1月~2016年1月上海市徐汇区中心医院(以下简称“我院”)接受大剂量甲泼尼龙规范冲击治疗的69例(135眼)VKH患者,现报道如下。

1 资料与方法   1.1 一般资料   回顾性分析入住我院眼科的69例(135眼)VKH患者病例资料。

本组病例中,男37例(71眼),其中3例为独眼,女32例(64眼);年龄为14~64岁,平均(39.1±12.8)岁。

参照1999年美国葡萄膜炎学会修订的VKH诊断标准确诊患者[4—5]。

本研究所有患者均为初发病例,发病时间为2 d~9个月,其中发病时间   治疗前,FFA图像显示:在动静脉期,视盘毛细血管扩张、边界模糊,脉络膜背景荧光模糊,后极部视网膜散在多发细小的点片状高荧光(图2A);至动静脉晚期,细小点片状高荧光点逐渐增强并渗漏;至造影晚期,视网膜下间隙荧光素积存呈多湖状,视盘荧光素着染(图2B)。

治疗7 d后视力改善明显的患眼点状荧光渗漏及晚期荧光素积存明显好转,至1个月后基本无明显渗漏,但常残留色素上皮改变所致的透见高荧光及遮挡低荧光(图2C、图2D)。

2.4 随访   所有患者随访1年,部分患者出现上消化道不适、失眠等不良反应,经相关对症处理后继续激素治疗,未出现严重激素相关不良反应。

3例患者(6眼,4.4%)于治疗后半年内复发,再次予以甲泼尼龙冲击治疗,随访稳定。

3 讨论   VKH是我国常见的葡萄膜炎类型之一,多发于青壮年患者,常同时或先后累及双眼,致盲率高,对患者视功能影响极大。

本研究69例患者中66例患者均双眼先后或同时发病,有3例男性患者为独眼患者

VKH发病前驱期常伴有全身多系统症状,如耳鸣、头痛、头晕等感冒症状,以及皮肤改变等,易漏诊或误诊为神经系统疾病,从而延误疾病的治疗[6—8]。

我院眼科参照1999年美国葡萄膜炎学会修订的VKH诊断标准,结合患者病史、综合采用眼科检查如裂隙灯检查、散瞳眼底检查、OCT以及FFA等,大大降低了VKH的漏诊与误诊率,为VKH的早期治疗提供了帮助,极大地改善了患者的?功能预后。

VKH急性期主要病理学表现为弥漫性非坏死性肉芽肿性葡萄膜炎,脉络膜视网膜血管通透性增加、脉络膜视网膜循环障碍、视网膜色素上皮(retinal pigment epithelium,RPE)损伤以及血—视网膜屏障功能破坏等致脉络膜的炎性渗出液聚集在视网膜神经上皮下形成视网膜神经上皮浆液性脱离;同时脉络膜的炎症常可累及视盘使其充血水肿;黄斑部Henle纤维也易致炎性渗出液蓄积从而表现为黄斑水肿[9—11]。

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