昂丹司琼对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐的预防作用

【摘要】 目的 观察静脉应用昂丹司琼对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐的预防作用。

方法 100例全身麻醉下行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的患者, 随机分成昂丹司琼组对照组, 每组50例。

昂丹司琼组给予昂丹司琼, 对照组给予生理盐水。

观察两组治疗效果。

结果 术后0~12 h恶心呕吐发生率昂丹司琼组对照组比较, 差异有统计学意义(P毕业论文网   【关键词】 昂丹司琼;腹腔镜胆囊切除术术后恶心呕吐ki.11—5547/r.2016.05.006   Preventive effect by ondansetron for postoperative nausea and vomiting in laparoscopic cholecystectomy ZHOU Min, ZHANG Tian—wei. Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China   【Abstract】 Objective To observe preventive effect by ondansetron for postoperative nausea and vomiting in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods A total of 100 patients receiving laparoscopic cholecystectomy by general anesthesia were randomly divided into ondansetron group and control group, with 50 cases in each group. The ondansetron group received ondansetron, and the control group received normal saline. Curative effects of the two groups were observed. Results The difference of incidences of postoperative nausea and vomiting in 0~12 h had statistical significance between the ondansetron group and the control group (P0.05), 具有可比性。

见表1。

1. 2 方法 昂丹司琼组静脉应用昂丹司琼8 mg(5 ml), 对照组给予生理盐水5 ml。

由于丙泊酚有抗呕吐作用, 本研究诱导及维持均避免使用丙泊酚。

本研究所用昂丹司琼于麻醉诱导前缓慢静脉推注。

麻醉诱导:咪达唑仑0.05 mg/kg、维库溴铵0.1 mg/kg、芬太尼4 μg/kg、依托咪酯0.1 mg/kg, 吸氧去氮5 min, 置入喉罩, 并从双管喉罩中置入胃管。

连接呼吸机机械通气, 术中ETCO2维持在35~45 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)。

麻醉维持:七氟烷1.0~1.3 MAC、瑞芬太尼0.05~0.10 μg/(kg?min), 间断静脉推注维库溴铵0.05 mg/kg, 术中CO2气腹压力维持在   1. 3 观察指标 由麻醉护士于术后12、24 h分别回访恶心呕吐发生情况, 麻醉护士对研究所用药物并不知情。

术后恶心呕吐的严重程度分为4级[3]:0级:无恶心呕吐;1级:干呕;2级:30 min内呕吐1~2次;3级:30 min内呕吐>2次。

恶心定义为有想吐的主观不适感觉而无呕吐动作, 干呕定义为有节律的胃部肌肉收缩但未呕出胃内容物, 呕吐定义为呕出胃内容物。

如果术后恶心呕吐≥2级, 则给予胃复安10 mg作为挽救药物。

1. 4 统计学方法 采用SPSS16.0统计学软件对数据进行统计分析。

计量资料以均数±标准差( x—±s)表示, 采用t检验;计数资料以率(%)表示, 采用χ2检验。

P参考文献   [1] Elhakim M, Nafie M, Mahmoud K, et al. Dexamethasone 8 mg in combination with ondansetron4mg appears to be the optimal dose for the prevention of nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Can J Anaesth, 2002, 49(9):922—926.   [2] Wilson EB, Bass CS, Abrameit W, et al. Metoclopramide versus ondansetron in prophylaxis of nausea and vomiting for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am J Surg, 2001, 181(2):138—141.   [3] Ummenhofer W, Frei FJ, Urwyler A, et al. Effects of ondansetron in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in children. Anesthesiology, 1994, 81(4):804—810.   [4] Kleine—Brueggeney M, Greif R, Brenneisen R, et al. Intravenous delta—9—tetrahydrocannabinol to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting: a randomized controlled trial. Anesth Analg, 2015, 121(5):1157—1164.   [5] Koivusalo AM, Kellokumpu I, Lindgren L. Postoperative drowsiness and emetic sequelae correlate to total amount of carbon dioxide used during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc, 1997, 11(1):42—44.   [6] Bunce KT, Tyers MB. The role of 5—HT in postoperative nausea and vomiting. Br J Anaesth, 1992, 69(7 Suppl 1):60—62.   [收稿日期:2015—10—21]。

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