内镜结合X线下金属支架置入术治疗胃十二指肠恶性梗阻32例临床

【摘要】 目的 探讨经内镜结合X线下金属支架置入治疗胃出口、十二指肠恶性梗阻临床价值。

方法 取32例胃出口恶性梗阻患者,行内镜检查后经活检孔置入导丝,X线监视下置入并释放自膨式金属肠道支架

结果 32例患者均成功置入支架,成功率为100.0%,其中6例采取经内镜钳道(TTS)方式释放支架,26例为经导丝直接释放支架

支架置入内镜和透视造影检查示支架均定位准确、通畅。

所有患者均存在少量出血,12例予局部喷洒孟氏液止血,效果良好。

31例支架放置后1~3 d梗阻症状得到缓解或消除,临床有效率为96.9%,平均生存期4.8个月。

1例术后1个月支架移位,1例术后2个月肿瘤向支架内浸润生长,导致梗阻复发,均予放置第2根支架后缓解。

结论 经内镜下放置金属支架治疗胃出口、十二指肠恶性梗阻是一种简单可行、安全有效的方法;结合X线操作具有提高置入成功率、缩短操作时间、支架定位准确以及减少患者痛苦和手术相关并发症的优点。

   【关键词】胃出口梗阻十二指肠梗阻内镜支架      【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate the clinical value of metal stenting for m alignant gastric outlet or duodena1 obstruction,and to appraise the methods of implanting stents under endoscopy and fluoroscopic guidance.Methods 32 cases of m alignant stenosis of gastric outlet or duodenal were usually examined by endoscopy    at first,the guide wire was introduced through the biopsy channel,and the metallic stent was implanted under fluoroscopy.Results Stent insertion was technically successful in 32 patients(100.0%),4 stents were placed through the scope channel(TTS),26 stents were non—TTS placement.All stents were located precisely under endoscopy.All cases had small amount bleeding,and 12 cases were treated by local haemostasis.After stenting,31 patients showed relief of obstructive symptoms within 1—3 days,the clinica1 success rate was 96.9%,the mean surviva1 date was 4.8 months.During the follow—up period,one patient had gastrointestina1 bleeding,and was successfully treated by interna1 medication.Recurrent obstruction was observed in 2 cases,one with dista1 stent migration one month after stent implantation,the other with tumor ingrowth at 2 months.The obstruction symptoms were relieved after second stent placement in these 2 cases.Conclusion Endoscopic placement of metal stent is simple,safe and effective method for palliation in patients with m alignant gastric outlet and duodena1 obstruction.Endoscopy and fluoroscopy can promote the success rate of implantation,the procedural duration is shortened,stent localization is precise and complications are few.   【Key words】Gastric outlet obstruction; Duodenal obstruction; Endoscopy; Stents      胃出口和十二指肠恶性梗阻临床上十分常见,主要表现为顽固性恶心、呕吐、腹胀及进食困难,患者全身情况较差,并发症及合并症较多。

对这些晚期恶性肿瘤引起的梗阻临床上处理十分棘手,有效的传统处理方法不多。

内镜介入治疗消化道狭窄、梗阻性病变是近年来出现的一种新技术,作为一种微创方法,已越来越多地应用于临床,为传统手术不治或难治疾病开拓了新的治疗途径[1—2]。

但因该部位解剖位置特殊,操作技术要求高,因此尚未得到广泛推广。

本研究通过分析内镜结合X线下支架置入治疗32胃出口和十二指肠恶性梗阻,评价其临床疗效。

   1 资料与方法   1.1 一般资料 本院自2002年12月至2007年12月间共治疗32例患者,其中男19例,女13例,年龄32~70岁,平均(62.5±10.5)岁。

梗阻部位胃窦幽门管17例,十二指肠近端15例。

其中胃窦癌17例,胃癌术后(毕I式)吻合口复发浸润十二指肠5例,十二指肠癌3例,胰头癌3例,胆管下段癌2例,壶腹癌1例,结肠癌术后转移浸润十二指肠1例。

治疗前有恶心、呕吐、进食困难、腹胀等不同程度的上消化道梗阻症状。

狭窄段直径3~8 mm。

   1.2 术前准备 行心电图、凝血全套、肝肾功能检查及碘过敏试验。

禁食、胃肠减压,必要时洗胃,给予营养支技治疗,纠正酸碱平衡和电解质紊乱,以改善患者的一般情况。

患者及家属交待术中和术后可能出现的问题,并签署手术知情同意书。

术前地西泮5 mg肌内注射,山莨菪碱10 mg静脉注射。

准备Olympus GIF—XP260胃镜或2T240型大钳道治疗型前视镜,400 cm 长直径0.89 mm的超硬导丝;选择合适的国产(南京微创公司)、直径20~25 mm、带膜或不带膜金属支架(Wallstent或Wallstent Enteral),长度为狭窄段长度再加长4 cm左右。

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