单泵双/三管及单/双侧选择性脑灌注在全主动脉弓替换术中的应用

作者:杨九光,王立伟,龙村,黄宇光,孙立忠,田良鑫,吕小东。

【摘要】 目的评价Debakey I型主动脉夹层行全主动脉弓替换术中采用单泵双/三管体外循环方法的临床预后;比较术中应用单侧顺行选择性脑灌注(ASCP)和双侧ASCP的脑保护效果。方法16例全主动脉弓替换术患者随机分为单侧双侧顺行选择性脑灌注组,每组各8例。术中采用单泵双管或单泵三管体外循环方法进行灌注两组均行术前术后神经系统物理检查、颅脑计算机体层摄影(CT)。术中严密观察患者面色、结膜,经颈内静脉球采血样行血气分析。结果两组各有1例出现短暂性神经功能异常,未发现脑奢侈灌注的表现,两组间各阶段颈静脉血氧分压、颈静脉血氧饱和度无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论①Debakey I型主动脉夹层全弓替换术中目前采用的单泵双/三管体外循环方法操作简便、切实可行,临床预后满意; ②在基底动脉环完整,存在有效侧支循环条件下,单侧ASCP及双侧ASCP均能取得良好的脑保护效果,推荐使用较为简便的单侧ASCP;而当基底动脉环不完整,且无有效侧支循环的情况下,则推荐使用双侧 ASCP。

【关键词】 体外循环;主动脉弓替换术;脑保护;选择性脑灌注

基金项目:“十五”科技攻关项目。

The Technique of Double/Triple Arterial Lines With Single Pump Head and Unilateral vs Bilateral Selective Cerebral Perfusion in Total Aortic Arch Replacement。

Abstract: OBJECTIVEThe aims of this study are to evaluate the outcome of patients with technique of double/triple arterial lines with single pump head, who suffered from Debakey type I aortic dissection and to compare the brain protection effect of unilateral and bilateral antegrade selective cerebral perfusion(ASCP) during total aortic arch replacement.METHODS16 patients who underwent total aortic arch replacement were randomisedly allocated to one of two methods of brain protection: unilateral (unilateral group, double arterial lines, n=8) or bilateral ASCP (bilateral group, triple arterial lines, n=8). During the operation, the technique of double/triple arterial lines with single pump head was employed. Preoperative and postoperative neurological examinations, such as cognitive function tests and brain CT scan were performed. During the operation, the complexion and conjunctiva of patients were monitored. Blood gas samples were drawn from jugular venous bulb.RESULTSAll patients survived the operations and were discharged from hospital. No new brain infarction occurred. Transient neurologic dysfunction occurred in 1 patient of each group. No obvious evidence of luxury cerebral perfusion was found. There were no intergroup differences in jugular venous oxygen tension, oxygenation saturation (P0.05).CONCLUSION①The technique of double/triple arterial lines with single pump head is practical, feasible, and effective in the surgery of total aortic arch replacement.②Both methods of brain protection for patients undergoing total aortic arch replacement resulted in favorable levels of mortality and morbidity provided the circle of Willis was patent and collateral flow was adequate. Under such circumstances, we prefer to the unilateral ASCP due to its advantage of simplicity, otherwise, the bilateral ASCP will be the better choice.

Key words:Cardiopulmonary bypass; Aortic arch replacement; Cerebral protection;Selective cerebral perfusion。

本文采用单泵双管或单泵三管(单泵双/三管)单侧双侧顺行选择性脑灌注(ASCP)的体外循环(CPB)方法,临床随机对照研究旨在找到一种安全、可靠且简便的脑保护方法。

1材料与方法。

1.1病例和分组。

2003年6月至2004年3月,行全主动脉弓替换手术50例中纳入16例(入选条件见[1,2];分组方法见[3]),随机分为单侧ASCP组及双侧ASCP组,每组各8例。两组临床资料差异无显著性(见表1)。

1.2仪器设备。

主要仪器设备CPB物品有OxySat M—0200型混合静脉氧饱和度监测仪(Baxter Bentley公司,美国);Sechrist空氧混合器(AR—MED有限公司,英国);四分支人工血管(Intervascular型,A Datascope Company公司,法国);Stockert III型人工心肺机(Stockert公司,德国);氧合器(Jostra公司,德国 Quadrox型);3/8接头1个(用于连接下半身灌注动脉管道与人工血管灌注分支)。

1.3灌注方法及简要术式。

采用常规静脉及吸入复合麻醉,经颈内静脉向头侧置入单腔静脉导管至颈内静脉球水平,以备术中抽取颈静脉球血气分析标本。经右腋动脉(22~24Fr)及右房(32~36Fr二阶梯)插管建立体外循环。鼻咽温20℃时,头低位,降低流量至10 ml /(kg·min)后单侧灌注组经右腋动脉进行ASCP(图1)。双侧灌注组经右腋动脉及左颈总动脉(经主动脉弓腔内插入20Fr动脉插管)行双侧ASCP(图1)。全部采用4分支人工血管重建主动脉弓部(图2)。在完成4 分支人工血管远端与胸降主动脉的吻合后,通过3/8接头将动脉管道与人工血管灌注分支相连,恢复流量至2/3全流量,经右腋动脉人工血管灌注分支分别行ASCP及下半身灌注。再依次完成弓上三支动脉人工血管各分支的吻合。左颈总动脉吻合口完成后,恢复全流量,匀速复温(温度管理见[13])。将4分支人工血管近端与升主动脉做端端吻合。排气后开放阻断钳,心脏复苏,完成手术。表1两组临床资料比较(略)。

1.4统计学处理。

用SPSS 11.5软件进行资料的统计学处理,计量参数采用均数±标准差的形式表示,两组之间均数比较采用独立样本t检验,同组术前与术后比较采用配对t检验。

2结果。

无手术及近期死亡,无新发脑梗塞出现。每组各有1例出现短暂性神经功能异常,表现为一过性智力障碍,定向力丧失,性格改变及记忆障碍。所有患者出院前复查超高速CT:升主动脉及主动脉弓部人工血管血流通畅,慢性I型夹层患者降主动脉真腔较术前明显扩大;术后无假性动脉瘤形成、吻合口周围造影剂渗漏、人工血管扭曲、不通畅等异常情况。两组间各阶段校正颈静脉血氧分压、颈静脉血氧饱和度均无显著性差异,见表2~3。表2术中术后一般资料(略)表3 术中颈静脉动脉血气分析资料(略)注:SjvO2:颈静脉血氧饱和度,PjvO2:颈静脉血氧分压,PaO2:动脉血氧分压。

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