四肢长骨恶性肿瘤并发骨折的手术时机及方法

作者: 李东升,张志勇,黄满玉,冯 峰,古建立。

【关键词】 病理骨折

摘 要:[目的]探讨四肢长骨恶性肿瘤并发骨折的手术时机及手术方法。[方法]回顾1996年6月~2003年10月收治的四肢长骨恶性肿瘤并发骨折17例,其中骨肉瘤4例,骨巨细胞瘤3例,尤文氏肉瘤1例,造釉细胞瘤1例,骨转移瘤8例。采用Ⅰ期外固定化疗,Ⅱ期瘤段切除重建术4例;Ⅰ期行肿瘤病灶清除功能重建术11例;Ⅰ期截肢1例,Ⅱ期截肢1例。[结果]随访时间12~88个月,原发性恶性肿瘤9例中,肺转移死亡2例,其中1例局部复发;骨转移瘤8例中,死亡4例,其中1例局部复发。[结论]化疗敏感的原发恶性肿瘤并发骨折主张优先考虑Ⅰ期外固定化疗,Ⅱ期瘤段切除重建;化疗不敏感的骨巨细胞瘤及骨转移瘤并发骨折应Ⅰ期行病灶清除功能重建。

关键词:骨肿瘤; 四肢长骨;病理骨折; 治疗/外科手术。

Abstract:[Objective]To study the methods and opportunity of operation for the malignant tumor intercurrent fracture of extremity[Method]Seventeen cases of malignant tumor intercurrent fracture of extremity were reviewed in our hospital from June 1996 to October 2003 in the study,which included osteosareoma 4 cases,giant cell tumor 3 cases,ewing tumor 1 case,ametoblastoma of bone Ⅰ case,bony metastases 8 eases4 cases treated with exterior fixation and chemotherapy in Ⅰ P(period)and reconstruction alter tumor cutting in ⅡP(period),11 cases treated tumor eliminate and reconstruction in Ⅰ P(period)One case amputed in Ⅰ P(period)and 1 case amputed in Ⅱ P(period)[Result]All patients treated had been followed up from 12 to 88 monthsOne case occurred local rccurrreneeand 2 cases died because of lung metastases in the 9 cases of primary malignant tumorWhile 1 case occurred local reecurrenee and 4 cases died in the 8 cases of metastasis malignant tumor[Conclusion]For the primary,malignant tumors with fracturewhich were sensitive to chemotherapy,should first take into account to exterior fixation and chemotherapy inⅠ P(period)and reconstruction after tumor cutting in ⅡP(period),while for the insensitive giant cell tumor and bony metastases with fracture should be treated with tumor eliminate and reconstruction in ⅠP(period)。

Key words:Bone tumor; Extremity long bone; Pathological fracture; Fracture; Therapy/Surgery。

四肢长骨发生肿瘤后,由于负重或外力作用常常造成病理骨折,其治疗难度增大。不同的外科处理方法,预后差别较大,不恰当的处理可能导致严重后果。1996年6月~2003年10月,本院收治各类并发骨折的四肢长骨恶性肿瘤17例,根据肿瘤性质和骨折类型等,采用不同的治疗方法。本文通过回顾性分析,探讨骨恶性肿瘤并发骨折后的手术时机、手术方法。

1 临床资料与方法。

11 一般资料。

本组共17例,男性12例,女性5例;年龄15~79岁。其中骨肉瘤4例,骨巨细胞瘤3例,尤文氏肉瘤1例,造釉细胞瘤1例;肢体骨转移瘤8例,包括乳腺癌转移3例,肺癌转移2例,肾癌转移1例,胃癌转移1例,来源不明者1例。

12 骨折移位情况。

轻度移位5例(骨皮质断裂,无明显移位),中度移位3例(移位不超过骨直径1/4),重度移位9例(移位,成角,短缩畸形等)。

13 肿瘤发生部位。

发生于股骨上端9例,股骨干2例,股骨下端2例,胫骨上端2例,肱骨干2例,骨折多集中股骨上端部位。

14 治疗方法。

141 Ⅰ期外固定化疗,Ⅱ期行瘤段切除重建术

先期外固定化疗,根据骨折部位,选择石膏固定、夹板固定,或牵引固定骨折愈合后,行肿瘤瘤段切除,选择人工假体置换或异体骨复合人工关节置换。

142 Ⅰ期行肿瘤病灶清除功能重建术

根据病理骨折发生部位,移位情况,肿瘤性质等,选择肿瘤刮除灭活内固定,或人工假体置换,或吻合血管的自体腓骨、髂骨移植重建(图1、2)。

143 截肢术。

包括骨折后立刻Ⅰ期截肢及Ⅰ期外固定化疗,效果不理想者Ⅱ期截肢。 图1男性,49岁,右股骨上段骨肉瘤并骨折 aX线显示转子下溶骨性破坏并骨折;b、cMRI显示化疗3个周期后肿瘤外科边界清楚;dⅡ期瘤段切除异体骨复合人工假体置换术后 图2男性,59岁,左股骨上段转移癌并骨折 aX线显示转子下溶骨性破坏并骨折;bⅠ期给予肿瘤刮除,复位内固定并骨水泥填充 Fig 1male,49y,osteosarcoma intercurrent fracture in right proximal femur aThe film of dissolve bony destroy at lowerrotor in Xray;b,cThe tumor boundary became clarity after 3periodchemotherapy in MRI;dThe film of tumor cutting and variant bony graft and prosthesis replacement in Xray Fig 2male,59y,bony metastases intercurrent fracture in left proximal femur aThe film of dissolve bony destroy at lowerrotor in Xray;bThe film of tumor curettage and interior fixation and prosthesis replacement in Ⅰ P(period)in Xray。

1 次访问