上颌第一恒磨牙根管弯曲度初探

作者:苏寒 阎翔 王文梅 毛钊 兰俊。

【关键词】 上颌第一磨牙

[摘要] 目的:分析上颌第一磨牙根管弯曲发生情况、弯曲位置弯曲方向弯曲程度。方法:收集南京地区80例上颌第一磨牙,在根管中分别插入15#~20#扩大针,拍摄近远中向和颊舌向X线片,用Photoshop 6.0软件测量分析根管弯曲位置弯曲方向弯曲角度。结果:1)上颌第一磨牙腭侧根管通畅、较直。 2)远中颊侧根管近远方向有80%,颊舌方向有45%出现大于5°的明显弯曲弯曲位置多位于根中1/3,且近远中向的弯曲明显大于颊舌向(P0.05)。 3)上颌第一磨牙近中颊根颊侧根管近远方向、颊舌方向分别有82.5%、77.5%出现大于5°的明显弯曲。两个方向上的弯曲程度无明显差异(P0.05)。 4)本研究中有35%的标本探通了近颊根舌侧根管,其在近远中向、颊舌向出现明显弯曲的比例达91%、83%。结论:上颌第一磨牙四个根管近远方向、颊舌方向均有不同程度的弯曲,其第二弯曲出现的情况也各不相同。

[关键词] 上颌第一磨牙 根管 弯曲

[Abstract]Objective: To analysis the curvature frequency,position,direction and degree of the maxillary first molars. Mehtods: 80 randomly selected first maxillary molars were used in the study.Radiograph of teeth in buccolingual and mesiodistal directions with 15#~20# reamers in root canals calculated and recorded for both views using Photoshop6.0 by computer. Results: 1) Lingual root canals of first maxillary molars showed no curvatures. 2) Distobuccal root canals were found obvious curve out by the rate of 80% in mesiodistal direction,45% in buccolingual direction.The curvature was often found out in the middle 1/3 region and the curvature in mesiodistal direction was more obvious than that in buccolingual direction(P0.05). 3) MB1 root canals of the mesiobuccal root canals in maxillary molars were found obvious curve out by the rate of 82.5% in mesiodistal direction,77.5% in buccolingual direction and there is no difference of curvature degree in the two directions. 4) In this research,MB2 root canals of the mesiobuccal root canal were found out by the rate of 35%and they were found obvious curve out by the rate of 91% in mesiodistal direction,83% in buccolingual direction. Conclusion: Majority of the four root canals of first maxillary molars showed curvatures at varing degrees in mesiodistal and buccolingual directions, and the second curvatures of them were different too.

[Key words] First maxillary molars Root canals Curvatures。

根管治疗术是治疗牙髓病和根尖周病的基本方法和最佳选择。完善、彻底的根管预备是保证根管治疗效果的基础,而由于根管形态的不规则及根管弯曲的存在,增添了根管预备的难度。本文通过对南京地区80例离体上颌第一磨牙根管弯曲度及弯曲部位的初步研究,希望能为广大的临床医生提供有益的帮助。

1 材料与方法。

1.1 牙齿来源 选取80例来自南京地区离体上颌第一磨牙,不分性别、年龄,要求牙体完整,未进行过牙髓治疗,磨耗不超过Leigh Ⅰ级。

1.2 实验步骤 80颗离体牙经清洗、干燥后,常规开髓,以15~20#扩大针探查根管,以扩大针刚刚露出根尖孔即停止,不再进行扩挫,以最大限度地保证根管的原貌,将带有扩大针的牙齿置于数字式牙片机(GENDEX,Dental—Systems,Milana—Italy)上行颊舌方向近远方向X线投照,见图1、图2,以确定根管近远方向、颊舌方向弯曲程度,再以photoshop 6.0软件进行测量计算。

1.3 测量及统计方法 综合多种弯曲测量方法的优缺点,本研究采用改良的Schneider测量方。

图1 - 图2 略。

法[1],对根管弯曲度、弯曲位置进行测量、定位。步骤如下:选择根管口为a点,根尖孔为c点,沿根管锉影像画一直线,在根管锉偏离直线的一点定为b点。连接ab、bc所交之锐角即为根管弯曲度。测量出的根管弯曲度分为3类。Ⅰ类,根管基本无弯曲(∠C≤5°) Ⅱ类,根管中度弯曲(5°∠C≤20°) Ⅲ类,根管严重弯曲(∠C20°)根管弯曲位置测量:我们以ab和bc的比值作为参考,设P=ab/bc。以P值的大小对根管弯曲位置进行分类。Ⅰ类,P≤0.5,表明根管弯曲部位在根的冠1/3 Ⅱ类,0.52,弯曲部位在根尖1/3 Ⅳ类,P→∞,根管基本无弯曲。考虑到第二弯曲存在的可能,见图3。

图3 第二弯曲 略    我们对存在两个弯曲根管测量如下:a、b点的定位如前,沿根管锉影像在第一弯曲部分根部长轴方向上再划一直线,于根管偏离直线处定为c点。根尖孔定为d点,ab,bc相交角为第一弯曲(主要弯曲)的弯曲度。bc,cd相交角为第二弯曲(次要弯曲)的弯曲度。再连接ab、cd,计算P1=ab/bd,P2=ac/cd,以P1、P2的结果分别统计第一弯曲、第二弯曲位置

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