血管纵向缩缝联合显微血管吻合术重建的技术发展

巴结粘连紧密时,可以节段性切除颈内静脉,采用颈外静脉重建颈内静脉,或仅切除部分颈内静脉血管壁;同时对颈内静脉的近心端和远心端纵向缩缝,使静脉管径均匀变化。

选择5例接受双侧根治性颈淋巴清扫手术治疗的口腔鳞状细胞癌患者,采用该方法重建颈内静脉,观察手术效果。

结果 5例患者术后均未出现因静脉回流不畅导致的面部水肿、咽喉部水肿、脑水肿、颅内高压等严重并发症,未出现颈内静脉栓塞。

术后随访5~19个月,采用多普勒或CT血管造影等检查颈内静脉的通畅情况,均未发现栓塞。

5例患者的1年生存率为60%(3/5)。

结论 血管纵向缩缝联合显微血管吻合术是一种有效的处理颈部转移淋巴结累及双侧颈内静脉时的新方法,该方法具有良好的效果及可行性。

[关键词] 静脉纵向缩缝; 显微外科; 显微血管吻合; 颈内静脉; 颈淋巴结清扫术   [中图分类号] R 739.8 [文献标志码] A [doi] 10.7518/hxkq.2014.05.012   Jugular vein reconstruction by longitudinal constriction suture venoplasty and microvascular anastomosis Ren Zhenhu, Fan Tengfei, Wu Hanjiang, Wang Kai, Tan Hongyu, Gong Chaojian, Liu Jinbing. (Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China)   [Abstract] Objective To seek a new method for reconstructing bilateral internal jugular vein invaded by metastasis lymph node in advanced oral cancer patients. Methods A combination of microvascular anastomosis and longitudinal constriction suture venoplasty was performed to reconstruct internal jugular vein. We resected the part of the bilateral internal jugular vein of advanced oral cancer patients invaded by metastasis lymph node and used the external carotid vein to reconstruct the internal jugular vein. A part of the vessel wall of the internal jugular vein could also be resected to reconstruct the vein. Lon—gitudinal constriction suture venoplasty could slowly narrow the lumen diameter of the internal jugular vein. Thus, difference in anastomosis diameter should be avoided because it generates eddy currents and s[第一 论文网提供代写论文和论文代写的服务]ubsequently causes blood clots. A total of five advanced cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma were involved in this study. We performed bilateral radical neck dissec—tion on all patients to reconstruct the internal jugular vein and observed their postoperative conditions. Results Postopera—tive follow—up of 5 months to 19 months was performed on all patients. Doppler or CT angiography and related tests showed no internal jugular vein thrombosis. No patient with facial edema, throat swelling, cerebral edema, and high intracranial pressure   or other serious complications caused by blocked venous blood was observed. The one—year survival rate of five patients was 60% (3/5). Conclusion Microvascular anastomosis combined with longitudinal constriction suture venoplasty is a new me—thod for reconstructing internal jugular vein. This method was proved successful and clinically feasible. [Key words] longitudinal constriction suture venoplasty; microsurgery; microvascular anastomosis; internal jugular vein; radical neck dissection   口腔鳞状细胞癌是口腔颌面部最常见的恶性肿瘤,容易发生颈部淋巴结转移,特别是晚期患者,癌细胞通过淋巴管道引流转移颈部以后,形成肿大的淋巴结并易与周围组织特别是与周围血管粘连,加大了癌细胞透过血管壁侵入血液造成远处转移的风险。

晚期口腔癌患者颈部淋巴结转移累及双侧颈内静脉时,若将双侧颈内静脉和(或)颈外静脉同时切除,将给患者带来严重并发症,甚至危及患者生命。

采用纵向缩缝联合显微外科血管吻合术重建颈内静脉是一种安全可靠的处理颈部转移淋巴结累及双侧颈内静脉时的新方法,本研究对5例采用该方法重建颈内静脉的病例进行回顾性研究,以探讨该方法的可行性、安全性及手术效果。

1 材料和方法   收集2010年2月2012年7月于中南大学湘雅二医院口腔颌面外科接受双侧根治性颈淋巴清扫手术治疗的口腔鳞状细胞癌患者5例作为研究对象。

5例患者中男性4例,女性1例;年龄为36~55岁,平均年龄为49岁;舌癌3例,下牙龈癌1例,颊癌1例;根据国际抗癌联盟2002年公布的TNM分期标准,T4N2M0期1例,T3N2M0期4例;病理诊断为高中分化者4例,低分化者1例。

所有患者均为初次就诊,此前未进行任何相关的手术或辅助治疗。

术前常规行头颈部CT,腹部B超,全身正电子发射型电子计算机断层显影/计算机体层扫描(posi—tron emission computed tomography/computed tomogra—phy,PET/CT)等相关检查,5例患者均未见远处转移

术中先行对侧颈部淋巴结清扫术,并尽可能地保留颈外静脉,对于被转移淋巴结累及的颈内静脉,予以截断性切除部分血管或仅纵向切除被肿瘤累及的部分血管壁。

被截断性切除者利用同侧或对侧颈外静脉重建颈内静脉,即利用90显微缝线在显微镜下进行血管缝合。

重建后的颈内静脉管径不规则,容易形成血栓,因此采用60 Proline线将颈内静脉近心段、近颅段纵向缩缝,使其管腔均匀缓慢变化,以减少血栓形成的风险。

术后3个月采用多普勒超声或CT血管造影等相关检查(必要时可以提前或加做相关检查)检测患者重建颈内静脉的通畅性。

本研究中应用了显微血管吻合技术、颈内静脉管壁部分切除术、血管纵向缩缝术和利用颈外静脉重建颈内静脉等多项技术。

具体的血管处理方法:1)测量桥接所需血管的长度并切取适当长度的颈外静脉(切取的血管长度要比测量所需长度长15%左右);2)将各个吻合口做缝合前整理,如剪去血管结扎处,确定吻合处颈内静脉

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