沙生异翅独尾草不同器官中蒽醌含量的消长规律

【摘要】 目的对沙生类短命植物异翅独尾草在苗期、营养生长期、初花期、盛花期、果期的各器官中大黄素大黄酚、大黄酸、芦荟黄素含量变化进行研究。方法高效液相色谱法。结果叶中4种蒽醌类物质在苗期、营养生长期、初花期含量较高,盛花期最低,且叶上部位明显高于叶中和叶下部位。根中苗期4种蒽醌类物质含量都较低,营养生长期芦荟黄素和大黄素含量较高,初花期和盛花期黄素含量较高,果期芦荟黄素大黄含量较高。花中芦荟黄素、大黄素大黄含量要比花葶高,花葶中大黄含量比花高。花葶中4种蒽醌类物质在盛花期含量高于初花期和果期时的含量。同时期各器官蒽醌总量相比:叶>根>花>花葶。结论若选取异翅独尾草作为蒽醌类药材利用,建议最佳采集部位是初花期的叶先端部位。

【关键词】 异翅独尾草 类短命植物 蒽醌 高效液相色谱法。

Abstract:ObjectiveTo detect the temporal variation of contents of aloe—emodin, emodin, rhein and chrysophanol in desert ephemeroid plant Eremurus anisopterus. MethodsAnthraquinones were detected by HPLC. ResultsThe contents of four anthraquinones in leaves in seedling period, vegetative growth period and initial flowering period were higher than those in other periods, and in profuse flowering period the content decreased to the lowest. The contents of the four anthraquinones in the upper parts of leaves were higher than those in the middle and lower parts in initial flowering period. In roots, the contents of the four anthraquinones in seedling period were lower than those in other periods, the contents of aloe—emodin and emodin in vegetative growth period were higher than those in other periods, and in flowering periods the content of emodin were higher, and in fruits period the contents of aloe—emodin and chrysophanol was higher. In flower, the contents of aloe—emodin, chrysophanol and emodin was higher than those in scape. But the content of rhein in scape was higher than that in flower. The content of the four anthraquinones in profuse flowering period were higher than those in initial flowering and fruit period in scape. Among organs in initial flowering period, the contents of total anthraquinones in leaves were higher than those in roots, and those in roots were higher than those in flower, those in flower were higher than those in scape. ConclusionThe best collection part of Eremurus anisopterus as medicinal materials is in initial flowering period of the upper parts of leaves.

Key words:Eremurus anisopterus ; Ephemeroid plant ; Anthraquinone; HPLC。

中华独尾草E. chinensis Fedtsch.系百合科(Liliaceae)独尾草属植物,以根入药,其主要成分为大黄素大黄酚、大黄酸、芦荟黄素蒽醌类物质[1,2],具有祛风除湿、补肾强身之功效[3],已有悠久的民间食用历史[4]。而同属的异翅独尾草Eremurus anisopterus(Kar. et Kir.)Regel,在我国仅分布于海拔400~500 m的新疆北部沙漠地区[5],多生长在固定或半固定沙丘及沙地,其生活史类型特殊,是新疆沙漠地区典型的耐旱、耐风沙、耐辐射的沙生早春类短命植物。其生存环境严酷,生活周期短暂,但生长发育迅速,从幼苗萌发到种子成熟仅需70 d左右的时间。特殊的生活史使得类短命植物的生物学及生态学特性倍受学术界的关注[6],然而其不同器官中次生代谢产物的时空变化规律,目前尚未见报道。因此本实验采用高效液相色谱法测定了沙生类短命植物异翅独尾草不同器官在生活史各阶段4种蒽醌类物质含量变化,以期为该类群次生代谢产物的研究提供科学依据。

1 材料与方法。

1.1 材料与仪器。

1.1.1 材料于20050401~0515在古尔班通古特沙漠南缘(N:44°45′,E:85°55′,Alt:344 m)采集生长一致的异翅独尾草各发育时期(苗期、营养生长期、初花期、盛花期、果期)的根、茎(花葶)、叶及花器官材料,其中初花期的叶片均分三段(即:叶上、叶中、叶下部位)。采集后的材料运回实验室阴干粉碎后备用。

1.1.2 试药大黄素(emodin)、大黄酚(chrysophanol)、大黄酸(rhein)标准品由中国药品生物制品检定所提供,批号分别为110756—200110,110796—200513,0757—200206,芦荟黄素(aloe—emodin)由中药固体制剂制造技术国家工程研究中心提供,批号为1171—05011,甲醇为色谱纯,水为重蒸水,其余所用试剂均为分析纯。

1.1.3 仪器WATERS—1525型高效液相色谱分析仪;DKZ—2型电热恒温振荡水浴;GL—20G—II高速冷冻离心机;植物样品粉碎机;EB—280电子分析天平(精度为0.0001 g);SK32OOH超声波提取仪。

1.2 方法。

1.2.1 高效液相色谱条件色谱柱:Symmetry C18柱(5 μm, 4.6 mm×150 mm);流动相:甲醇:0.1%磷酸 (85∶15)[7];检测波长:280 nm;流速:1.0 ml/min;柱温:35℃;进样量:10 μl。

1.2.2 标准品溶液的制备精密称取芦荟黄素大黄酸、大黄素大黄酚各10mg,配成混合液。其中大黄素大黄酸、大黄酚3者的浓度梯度依次为0.1,0.5,1,5,10,20,40 μg/ml;而芦荟黄素则被配置成含量依次为10,20,40,80,160,320,480 μg/ml的溶液系列。

1.2.3 样品制备准确称取试验材料5.00 g于250 ml锥形瓶中,加100 ml 80%甲醇溶液55℃水浴振荡24 h,6 000 r/min离心10 min后得上清液,定容至100 ml,保存于4℃冰箱中备用[8]。

1.2.4 样品测定分别吸取不同浓度的标准品及样品溶液,绘制标准曲线,得回归方程,以外标法计算样品芦荟黄素大黄酸、大黄素大黄酚的含量。标准品及样品色谱图见图1。

1.2.5 数据分析方差分析、显著性检测所用软件为DPS 3.01。

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