食管胃黏膜延长分层吻合的应用

【摘要】 目的 探讨食管吻合抗胃食管反流的术式。 方法 选择3年来39例行食管黏膜延长分层吻合病人为研究组,这些病人食管黏膜延长2cm,胃黏膜延长3cm,并分别吻合黏膜层和肌层。选择同期条件相当的46例行全层套入法的病人作对照组,这些病人先行全层吻合,然后再将浆肌层包埋,套入约1.5~2.0cm。分别于术后1~12个月进行对比分析。 结果 两组在术后早期差异无显著性(P0.05),但随手术后时间的延长,对照组抗反流作用逐渐减弱,黏膜延长分层吻合法与全层套入吻合法抗反流作用相比差异具有显著性。 结论 适当剥除肌层不会引起黏膜缺血坏死,形成的黏膜瓣薄软,具有良好的抗反流效果。   关键词 食管吻合 黏膜延长食管反流   Application of the prolongation—delamination anastomosis of esophagogastric mucous membrance   Guo Liangjun,Diao Xiujun   Department of Thoracic Surgery,People‘s Hospital of Yuncheng,Yuncheng274700.   【Abstract】 Objective To explore the esophagogastric anti—reflux of esophagogastrostomy.Methods 39cases were selected as research group that were given prolongation—delamination anastomosis.The esophagogastric mucous membrane was lengthed by2cm and3cm.Esophagogastric mucous membrane and seromuscular were separately anastomosed layer by layer.The control group was46cases patients who were selected in similar conditions and the same stage,the esophagogastic walls were sutured together,then let1.5~2.0cm esophagus into stomach and sutured their seromuscular layer.All data about gastroesophageal reflux in1to12months after operation were analyzed.Re—sults In the early stage after operation,there was no significant difference in two groups(P0.05).With the time prolonging,the anti—reflux action in control group was weakened.There was obviously different in two groups(P0.01).Conclusion To strip the muscular membrane properly does not result in necrosis of the mucous membrane.Because the valve of the mucous membrane shaped is thin and soft,it has the better effects on anti—reflux.   Key words esophagogastrostomy prolongation of mucous membrane gastroesophageal reflux   贲门癌以胃重建食管为常用的手术方法,术后吻合口失去括约肌功能,普遍存在胃食管反流。笔者自2000年2月~2003年6月,为39例贲门癌病人食管吻合中应用食管黏膜延长分层吻合法,在抑制病人术后反流中起到了良好的作用。

1 资料与方法   1.1 一般资料 笔者自2000年2月~2003年6月共为39例贲门癌病人食管吻合中应用食管黏膜延长分层吻合法,并选择同期常规方法(全层套入法)进行吻合的46例做对比研究,两组情况,见表1。   表1 两组患者的一般情况 (略)   注:两组资料经χ 2 检验,差异无显著性(P0.05)  1.2 手术方法 常规全麻后,右侧卧位,经第7肋床进胸,切除肿瘤后,注意胃大弯保留较长一些做吻合用,封闭胃小弯,保留胃大弯侧约4cm,开始剥除肌层延长黏膜时,注意保护黏膜下层的血管,出血点用3—0的丝线结扎,黏膜破损处用3—0的丝线修补。游离黏膜长约3cm。同法游离食管黏膜约2cm。吻合时先缝合食管后壁肌层和胃吻合口后壁的浆肌层7~9针。接着缝合后壁黏膜层及前壁黏膜层,黏膜缝合完成后,将黏膜套入胃腔。最后缝合前壁食管肌层和胃的浆肌层约5~7针。要求肌层缝合线结扎于肌层外。黏膜间断缝合,边距0.2cm,针距0.3cm,线结扎于腔内。   对照组行常规吻合,即全层套入法。切除肿瘤后,于胃端保留大弯侧做吻合口。吻合时,与切缘距3cm处先缝合后壁食管肌层及胃浆肌层,然后于断端全层缝合,最后,缝合前壁食管肌层,同时将全层缝合处推入胃腔,完成全层套入。   术后禁食4~5天,开始流质饮食,术后10天进半流质饮食,15天普食。并应用抗生素7~8天,禁食期足量补液。

1.3 观察方法 分别于术后1、3、6、12个月,对病人进行随访,采用病人来院复查(为主)或电话随访方式,询问病人反流情况。笔者认定反流的标准主要为病人的症状,其感觉“经常”有反酸或呕吐(为反流物),其感觉“偶尔”有反酸或呕吐或没有上述症状为不反流

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